typically in my experience windows update just won't perform the update. whether it's the auto update when you plug the controller in or the auto update via device manager like the xbox support site recommends. the .cab file won't seem to work says that the .inf file isnt the properly formatted to be installed (which is ridiculous because that's it's one job), and that a**hat major nelson removed the links to the installer on his blog stating that the auto update should take care of all your problems. add in the fact that the actual microsoft site pages now bring up 'this page doesn't exist' meaning you really have no official support from microsoft at all.
what i had to do was search and find a website that still had those links. the website i went thru was
Xbox One controller gets official Windows PC drivers Polygon
it has several links in the article one of which goes to where major nelson's blog had them previously, but at the end of the 2nd paragraph there is a 64-bit and a 32-bit hyperlink. just click the one you need and it will open a blank page and download a windows installer (specifically the ones the used to be on major nelson's blog) with all this trouble getting a simple update it really does feel like microsoft is trying to force us to 'upgrade' to windows 10
hope this helps anyone having problems that stumbles across this page like i did.